In April 2023, fighting erupted in Khartoum between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. For more than two years, the conflict that followed behaved like most civil wars: brutal inside its borders, dangerous to its neighbors but fundamentally localized. Those days are over. The conflict in Sudan has now breached the physical and political boundaries that once defined it, and it is doing so through three channels that reinforce one another with alarming efficiency:
