When voluntary return is not really voluntary

Malaysia says the recent return of 1,476 Myanmar nationals was voluntary. The UN Refugee Agency is less certain. Those returned had been held in immigration detention, the UN was not given access to interview them beforehand and it warned that some may have required international protection. The disagreement raises a much larger question that extends far beyond Malaysia and Myanmar: What does voluntary return actually mean when all the choices available to displaced people are bad? In theory, vo