About a week before Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi is due to visit Washington, factions and groups linked to the so-called Islamic Resistance in Iraq have rejected calls to hand over their weapons to the state. As the US administration presses Baghdad to disarm the factions and sever their ties with Iran, the latest positions of these factions confront al-Zaidi with complex political and security challenges. The government had previously set the end of September as the final deadline for weapons to be surrendered and dismantled, coinciding with the end of the international coalition’s military presence under an agreement with the Iraqi government. Al-Zaidi said last week that the government had entered into talks with the factions, whose activities would “later shift to the political and social arenas.” Once the deadline for disarmament and the transfer of weapons to government security institutions expires, “arms will be held exclusively and entirely by the official institutions of the state and its specialized armed and security forces,” al-Zaidi said. Kataib Hezbollah warning In a strongly worded statement, Kataib Hezbollah official Abu Hussein al-Hamidawi demanded that the Iraqi government “submit” to the resistance. In April, the US State Department offered a reward of up to $10 million for information leading to the capture or conviction of al-Hamidawi, who is regarded as one of the faction leaders closest to Iran. Al-Hamidawi said Kataib Hezbollah was founded by the late Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and on his orders, adding that its members “were and remain loyal to this path.” “At this historic juncture, we draw the attention of political leaders and government officials to the need to submit to the will of the people of resistance and jihad, and to exercise extreme caution against being drawn into arrogant projects or aligning themselves with their malicious agendas,” al-Hamidawi said, referring to the disarmament plan. “We warn them that our people will make their position and decision known if the compass deviates,” he added. A funeral procession in Baghdad for members of Iraq's Kataib Hezbollah killed in a raid targeting a Popular Mobilization Forces headquarters in March 2025 (Reuters) The so-called Islamic Resistance in Iraq also rejected calls to surrender its weapons. The armed coalition comprises a range of undeclared factions whose agendas align with the activities of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards. They are also widely viewed as covert wings of known Iran-backed factions. The group said in a statement on Saturday that it remained “committed to the path of resistance.” “Let the enemies know that the forces of the axis of truth are one body, operating according to the jihadist framework laid down for us by our leader, Khamenei,” it said. “Hardships will not deter us, but will only strengthen our determination to continue on our path of supporting the oppressed and expelling the occupiers from Iraq and the region.” “Our weapons have never been open to bargaining. They are a doctrine and a pledge for which we are responsible, and with them we will move forward to break the chains of domination and restrain the arrogant powers,” the group added. “We therefore affirm to those near and far that we will not stop at what we have achieved. Rather, we will work to develop our military and security capabilities, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and raise our readiness in proportion to the scale of the growing challenges and threats.” So far, Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr, leader of the Sadrist movement, has responded to calls to bring all weapons under state control. Last month, he ordered his armed faction, Saraya al-Salam, to hand over its weapons and official headquarters to the state. Asaib Ahl al-Haq and Kataib Imam Ali have also complied with the demand. However, some factions’ continued rejection of the move is likely to increase the challenges and complications the government faces on the issue, according to observers. A member of Iraq's Kataib Hezbollah waving the faction's banner on a missile launch platform (Faction media) Expected judicial action Observers are divided over the prospect of disarming the factions. Some consider it impossible without flexibility or clear approval from Iran, while others believe the government can achieve it amid rapidly changing regional circumstances. Political analyst Nizar Haidar told Asharq Al-Awsat that it was necessary to distinguish between what the militias publicly declared and what they concealed. That included “secret understandings that will ultimately lead to the complete surrender of their weapons and the dismantling of their military formations,” he said. Haidar said he expected the Iraqi judiciary to take a deterrent position against groups that violated the law by retaining weapons outside state control. He added that the judiciary was preparing, for the first time since 2003, to announce a legal code. “Any military formation or military activity outside the state is expected to be classified as a terrorist act, punishable under existing Iraqi laws by up to the death penalty,” Haidar said. He said the legal code, if issued, would “contribute significantly to helping the government implement its plans to place all weapons under state control.” Efforts to disarm and dismantle the factions would also be reinforced by “government plans to purge the security and military institutions of militia members who refuse to sever their ties with their leaders and place their security and military decisions under the authority of the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, following the example of the factions that have announced such steps in recent months,” Haidar added.
