The violence perpetrated by the Houthis has three interlocking dimensions whose continuation threatens to produce ever more severe repercussions for Yemen, the region and the wider international system. If left unchecked, they risk embedding patterns of impunity, deepening the humanitarian catastrophe and destabilizing global energy markets. The recent escalation — marked by ballistic missile and drone strikes on civilian infrastructure in Saudi Arabia, intensified operations against Yemeni gove
